For the part shown, sketch a two point perspective pictorial.
1. Imagine the object in its desired orientation, and draw a set of
3-dimensional axes.
2. Determine the location of the vanishing points. This will be necessary on two of the three axes. The closer the vanishing points are to the origin, the more distortion, or perspective, will result. A large amount of perspective creates the illusion that a feature is far away from the viewer.
3. Draw the foundation. Keep in mind that lines which are parallel to the axes containing the vanishing points will no longer be parallel. They will instead converge to the vanishing point.
4. The part is framed, using the foundation lines as guides. Remember that all lines that are parallel to an axis will converge at its vanishing point.
5. Interior details are added. Note that circles become distorted ellipses in all planes.[
6. Remove any unnecessary construction lines.
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quiz1
Quiz 5.1
The relative scales in the x, y, and z directions of an isometric pictorial are the same.
any that owns the drawing).
answer
True.
reference
isometric
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Quiz 5.2
Isometric and oblique pictorials do not have vanishing points.
c pictorial are the same.
any that owns the drawing).
answer
True. Lines parallel to the axis continue to appear parallel in these pictorials.metime wish the drawing to be freely distributed..
reference
oblique
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Quiz 5.3
In a perspective pictorial, moving a vanishing point farther away from the origin makes that end of the object appear farther away.
answer
False. Moving the vanishing point farther away decreases the amount of perspective, and makes that end of the object appear closer.
reference
perspective
misc.tbk
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Quiz 5.4
In a 3-point perspective pictorial, the vanishing points must be equidistant from the origin.
d of the object appear farther away.
answer
False. The amount of perspective along each axis may be different.t of perspective, and makes that end of the object appear closer.
reference
perspective
Quiz 5.5
An oblique view cannot exist in reality.
nishing points must be equidistant from the origin.
d of the object appear farther away.
answer
True.
reference
oblique
misc.tbk
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Quiz 5.6
An isometric view cannot exist in reality.
shing points must be equidistant from the origin.
d of the object appear farther away.
answer
Inconclusive. When the object is close to the observer, the object will appear with a certain amount of perspective. However, when the object is further away, this effect is diminished.
An isometric view can be created by turning an object into the correct orientation.
reference
isometric
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Quiz 5.7
In a perspective pictorial, circles will appear as ellipses.
e equidistant from the origin.
d of the object appear farther away.
answer
Indeterminate. If the circle appears in a plane defined by axes with no vanishing points on the axes, then it will appear as an ellipse. Otherwise, circles appear as distorted ellipses...........
reference
perspective
quiz1
Choose one of the buttons to change the view to a different degree of perspective.ctive.ctive.
Show the most common pictorials used to present a 3-dimensional object...
Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using various pictorials.
Demonstrate the creation of pictorials.
buttonclick
buttonclick
Begin Lesson
Example 5.1
For the part shown, sketch an oblique pictorial.
multiview drawing which shows the front, top, and profile views.
1. Imagine the object in its desired orientation, and draw a set of 3 dimensional axes and the foundation of the pictorial. This is the volume that the part occupies. The object depth represented by an axis that extends at a 30 or 45 angle from the origin.
2. The front view is shown in its true shape, and features may often be copied directly from the engineering drawing.
3. Lines that are parallel to the depth axis are drawn, scaled to approximately one half of the scale used in the frontal plane, or some other predetermined scale.
4. Parallel lines always remain parallel. The exterior frame of the object is drawn.
5. Interior details are added. Note that circles remain circular in planes that are parallel to the frontal plane, but are ellipses elsewhere.
6. Remove any unnecessary construction lines.
step0
step1
step2
step3
step4
step5
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Example 5.2
For the part shown, sketch an isometric pictorial.
1. Imagine the object in its desired orientation, and draw a set of 3 dimensional axes. Note that for an isometric pictorial, the axes appear at 60 degrees from each other.
2. Draw the foundation of the pictorial. This is the volume that the part occupies. The distance scale along each axis is the same, thus distances can be scaled directly from the engineering drawing. A proportional scale can also be used, but the scale for all three axes must be the same.
3. The exterior frame of the object is drawn. The multiview drawing is used for scaling along the appropriate axes. Parallel lines always remain parallel..
4. The part is framed, using the foundation lines as guides. Remember the all lines that are parallel to an axis will converge at its vanishing point.
5. Remove any unnecessary construction lines.
step0
step1
step2
step3
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forward
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Example 5.4
For the part shown, sketch a three point perspective pictorial.
1. Imagine the object in its desired orientation, and draw a set of 3-dimensional axes.
2. Determine the location of the vanishing points. This will be necessary on all three axes. The closer the vanishing points are to the origin, the more distortion, or perspective, will result. A large amount of perspective creates the illusion that a feature is far away from the viewer.
3. Draw the foundation, which will outline the space which the object occupies. Keep in mind that lines which are parallel to the axes will no longer be parallel. These lines will instead converge to the vanishing point. Note that since the third vanishing point is placed below the part, the object will appear to be viewed from above.
4. The part is framed, using the foundation lines as guides. Remember the all lines that are parallel to an axis will converge at its vanishing point.
5. Interior details are added. Note that circles become distorted ellipses in all planes.
6. Remove any unnecessary construction lines.
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<BookPath>
:HDMEDIAPATH
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=^addToSysBooks
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Pictorials
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:CDMEDIAPATH
Arial
System
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E:\,E:\
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Boldface PS
Boldface PS
TBKWidgets
\,E:\,E:\
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\,E:\,E:\
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Graphics Interactive
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Pictorials
Occasionally, a three dimensional object is difficult to envision from a multiview drawing. Pictorials are used to aid in visualizing the object. Most pictorials are not true images of the actual object, but rather a simply constructed representation. The three types of pictorials are oblique, isometric, and perspective views.
&File
E&xit Alt+F4
Exit the program
&Navigate
navigate
&First Page Ctrl+Home
first
&Next Page Page Down
&Previous Page Page Up
previous
&Go to Page... Ctrl+G
Introduction
intro
Go to Introduction chapter
Objectives
intro1
History
intro2
Usefulness
intro3
Sketching
sketch
Go to Sketching chapter
Objectives
Techniques
Objects
Cartooning
Engineering Drawings
formDraw
Go to Formal Drawings chapter
Objectives
Format
Working Drawings
Othogonal Projection
ortho
Go to Orthogonal Projection chapter
Objectives
orth1
Theory
orth2
Standard Views
orth3
Auxiliary Views
orth4
Common Practices
orth5
orth6
Pictorials
pictorials
Go to Pictorials chapter
Objectives
pict1
Oblique View
pict2
Isometric View
pict3
Perspective View
pict4
pict5
Sections
sections
Go to Sections chpater
Objectives
Full Section
Half Section
Offset Section
Broken-Out Section
Revolved Section
Removed Section
Common Practices
Dimensioning
dimension
Go to Dimensioning chapter
Objectives
Definitions
Guidelines
Common Shorthand
Tolerancing
tolerance
Go to Tolerancing chapter
Objectives
Definitions
Practical Fabrication Tolerances
True Position
Datums
Surface Features
Descriptive Geometry
descGeom
Go to Descriptive Geometry chapter
Objectives
Basic Principles and Relationships
Line Visibility
Distance Between Lines
Edge Views and True Shapes
Dihedral Angles
Intersection of a Line and a Plane
Intersection of Two Planes
Intersection of a Plane and a Solid
Intersection of Solids
Surface Developments
Contours and Cut-and-Fill
Shadows
&Main Menu Ctrl+Alt+Home
Go to the main menu
&Options
options
&Audio
Mute Ctrl+M
OnOff
Turns audio on or off
Volume...
setVolume
Set the volume of audio
&Page Controls
controls
Displays/Hides the Navigation Control Bar
&Help
Instructions F1
tutor
How to use the program
About the Authors
authors
Information about the authors
Prof. Dennis K. Lieu
Chris Casey
Su Shien Pang
Paul Krueger
Allison Okamura
Acknowledgments
others
Copyright Info
copyright
solids
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You have reached the end of Pictorials. To review the material, go to the next page. To continue to Sections, click the button below.n below.w.
nextLesson
ztsections
buttonClick
buttonClick
sections
&Go to next lesson!
solids
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**""""""**"
**********
*********
********
""
oblique
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Oblique views are the simplest type of pictorial to construct, but do not exist in reality. The frontal view is in true shape, while the other planes are distorted. The spatial axis is represented at thirty or forty-five degrees. Notice that parallel lines always remain parallel.
The scale along the depth axis is usually one-half scale or full scale. At one-half scale, the pictorial is called a cabinet drawing. At full scale, the pictorial is called a cavalier drawing.
Oblique
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Isometric pictorials are probably the most popular 3-D pictorials in engineering drawing. In an isometric pictorial, the axes appear with a separation of 60 degrees. The scale along all of the axes is the same. Distances along each axis can be scaled directly from the multiview drawing. All planes not parallel to the viewing plane are distorted. Lines that are parallel to an axis continue to appear parallel. An isometric pictorial may or may not exist in reality. The longer the distance from which the object is viewed, the closer the image is to isometric.
Isometric
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Perspective
Perspective views are the most realistic pictorials. Objects which are further away look smaller. Parallel lines are not parallel, but converge to one, two, or three vanishing points. These views are easily constructed with CAD.